Reid-Hillview Airport was cited by the EPA as an airport of concern either known to have higher lead emissions or in danger of doing so. Santa Clara County commissioned a study to evaluate lead emissions and their effect on children in proximity to the airport. The study is an isolated study and is not entirely applicable to LVK. However, the study does contain useful lessons and information.
In January 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a report on Airport Lead Monitoring. This was done as a result of the tightening of emissions standards with the set purpose of further reducing or eliminating lead emissions in the outdoors by remaining sources and uses of lead. One of these remaining sources is leaded aviation fuel, otherwise known as 100 low lead (100LL) or more commonly, avgas.
This enhanced standard revised the level of lead considered to be harmful from 1.5 micrograms per cubic meter (mg/m³) to .15 mg/m³. As a result, state and local air quality agencies are now required to monitor near airports with estimated lead emissions of 1.0 ton or more per year, or on a case-by-case basis in locations where information indicates a likelihood of exceeding the standard. This resulted in the identification of 15 airports nationally where annual monitoring would be required, with an additional 2 airports added on a case-by-case basis. Reid-Hillview (RHV) was identified as one of those 17 airports. LVK is not among these airports.
Due to the EPA finding, Santa Clara County (SCC) commissioned a study by Mountain Data Group (MDG) to assess Leaded Aviation Gasoline Exposure Risk at Reid Hillview Airport in Santa Clara County, California, because “Reid-Hillview Airport (RHV) is among a subset of airports identified by the EPA as having highest potential to exceed National Ambient Air Quality Standards for lead because of the combustion of leaded aviation gasoline.”
This isolated study specific to Reid-Hillview has pointed to potential correlations between proximity of residences to the airport and elevated levels of lead in children due to the use of avgas.
It is important to note that this is a single study completed at a single airport where the makeup, population density, and proximity of residences to the airport are drastically different than Livermore Airport (LVK). This is not to say LVK discounts the severity of lead emissions, but rather the results of the Reid-Hillview study are limited to that community and may not be applicable to Livermore.
For example, as a comparison, RHV at the time of monitoring for data used in the MDG study was found to be responsible for a three-month average lead emissions in the amount of 0.10 mg/m³ [Office of Transportation and Air Quality, EPA-420-F-15-003, January 2015], whereas the entire Livermore area was found in 2018/19 to have 0.003826 mg/m³ [Bay Area Air Quality Management District Community Air Protection Program Annual Report #1 – Grant #17-CAPP-3, April 18, 2019].